Overview
Memory and cognitive disorders affect memory, concentration and other mental abilities — from mild forms (mild cognitive impairment, MCI) to more advanced ones such as Alzheimer's dementia.
Early assessment matters, because some causes of cognitive decline are reversible and because early support improves the course and quality of life.
Symptoms & warning signs
Occasional forgetfulness is often normal, especially when tired or stressed. Warning signs are those that affect daily life:
- Repeating the same questions or stories
- Difficulty on familiar routes or with orientation
- Trouble managing finances or medication
- Difficulty finding words or following a conversation
Causes
Cognitive decline may be due to neurodegenerative conditions (such as Alzheimer's disease), vascular causes, but also reversible conditions — such as thyroid disorders, vitamin B12 deficiency, depression or medication side effects.
For this reason, assessment always also aims to exclude reversible causes.
Diagnosis & memory testing
Assessment includes history taking, a neurological examination and a structured memory (neuropsychological) screening. Where needed, referral is made for brain imaging, laboratory tests or a fuller neuropsychological evaluation.
The annual memory check-up is offered as a structured visit combining neurological assessment with a memory test, so that the course can be monitored over time.
Management & support
The approach is holistic: it includes, where indicated, medication, counselling on modifiable brain-health factors and support for the patient and family.
Visits take place in a calm environment that supports both the patient and their relatives. Clear information is a core part of the care.
When to see a neurologist
- When forgetfulness starts to affect daily life or work
- When family notice changes in memory or behaviour
- With a sudden or rapid worsening of memory
- As a preventive annual check, often after 60 or with a family history